CHARACTERISTICS

In modern utility systems, distribution system engineering and operations are highly computerized. Several comprehensive distribution engineering workstations are available that can accomplish all distribution system operating steps including load forecasting, feeder design, sectionalized switching and fuse and protective relay coordination studies. There have also been significant developments in the combination of automated mapping systems with geographical information systems and field operations. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and other distribution automation systems are also being adopted by more utility companies. Improved service efficiency and reliability will translate into lower losses and reduced GHG emissions.

SIZE:
Techniques can be applied to large and small distribution service areas.

FEATURES:
Software provides for load forecasting, feeder design, customer databases, transformer load management, and control of voltage and power flows.

COST:
Cost depends on the total area and number of customers. Costs for distribution control systems range from less than one million dollars for a small system to tens of millions for large, comprehensive systems.

CURRENT USAGE:
Industrialized countries need to automate because of demand for high reliability and to save on high labor costs.

POTENTIAL USAGE:
The introduction of expert systems, artificial intelligence and fuzzy set logic with more sophisticated computers is being studied for application to electric distribution systems.

ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH IMPLEMENTING ACTION

• The cost of software and distribution control centers may be difficult to justify in cost benefit analysis, especially when combined with need for annual outlay to pay for new computer hardware and software maintenance fees.

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT

EMISSION EFFECT:
    

CONDITIONS FOR EMISSIONS MITIGATION:

• Emissions are avoided indirectly though lower power losses, meaning less generation is demanded.

EMISSION ESTIMATE:
Varies according to the fuel mix used to generate electricity.

COST-EFFECTIVENESS:
The measure of cost-effectiveness is improved reliability, increased responsiveness to customer requests, and reduction in installed costs of feeders and transformer installations.

SECONDARY EFFECTS:
Varies according to the generation fuel mix.

RESOURCES

• A number of vendors and consultants provide expertise on selecting and implementing appropriate computer software.

CONTACTS

Harza Engineering
Peter Donalek
Electric Power Systems Department
Chicago, IL
Tel: (312) 831-3170
Fax: (312) 831-3999
pdonalek@harza.com
http://www.harza.com

National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA)
James Willis
International Programs Division
Arlington, VA
Tel: (703) 907-5669
Fax: (703) 907-5532
jim.willis@nreca.org
http://www.nreca.org