April 23               USEA Annual Membership Meeting and Public Policy Forum. Washington, DC

June 2-3              USAID/USEA Southeast Europe Distribution System Operator (DSO) Working Group Meeting  

June 4-5              USAID/USEA Dynamic Analysis Training

June 6                 USAID/USEA Southeast Europe Cooperation Initiative Transmission System Planning Project (SECI) Working Group Meeting

June 9-10           USAID/USEA Black Sea Regional Transmission System Planning Project (BSTP) Dynamic Analysis Training Tbilisi, Georgia

June 11              USAID/USEA Black Sea Regional Transmission System Planning Project (BSTP) Working Group Meeting Tbilisi, Georgia

June 12              Joint Working Group Meeting: USAID/USEA Black Sea Regional Transmission System Planning Project (BSTP) & USAID/NARUC Black Sea Regulatory Initiative (BSRI) Tbilisi, Georgia

June 13              USAID/USEA Azerbaijan-Georgia-Turkey (AGT) Power Bridge Project Working Group Meeting Tbilisi, Georgia

Albania

Europe dams its last wild rivers – (Deutsche Welle) Europe intends to slice through its last wild rivers with a series of dams. The new hydropower stations will deliver much-needed power to the region, but may also change the face of the Balkans forever…

Fight to stop damming of Balkans' wild rivers – (SBS) European environmentalists are campaigning to prevent the damming of the continent's few remaining wild rivers. They say more than 500 hydro-electric plants are planned for streams in south east Europe, putting at risk one of Europe's great natural treasures…

Hydroelectricity plans for the Balkans – (Deutsche Welle) Balkan countries need energy and officials there think the answer is in hydropower. But, that means hundreds of dam projects are threatening to chop up the region's unique biospheres…

TAP pipeline gets nod for Albanian construction – (UPI) The consortium behind the planned Trans-Adriatic natural gas pipeline said it received the necessary permits to start work on the project in Albania…

Trans Adriatic Pipeline receives development permit in Albania – (Energy Global) The Albanian National Territorial Council (KKT), chaired by Prime Minister Edi Rama, has granted the Compound Development Permit (CDP) Phase 1 for the Trans Adriatic Project (TAP). The CDP Phase 1 is one of the most important permits granted to TAP AG by the Albanian authorities, authorising TAP AG to start its construction activities in Albania…

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 Bulgaria

Bulgaria’s success in energy efficiency lending is a model for other countries– (Focus) In an interview for Utilities monthly, Terry McCallion, Director of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), commented on EBRD’s energy efficiency policy and energy efficiency in Bulgaria. Asked about the main goals of the BREECL (Bulgarian Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Credit Line), Mr McCallion said that it was to reduce Bulgaria’s energy intensity 10 years ago…

Bulgaria Against EVN: Politics with Electricity – (Novinite) The price Bulgaria could pay for its threats to power distributors is high, Austrian newspaper Der Standard wrote on Sunday. The author, Markus Bernath, argues that going to court, answering to the European Commission and facing the polls at the same time could be dangerous to the country…

EBRD awards successful projects under Bulgarian Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Credit Line – (Focus) The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRC) handed out awards on the occasion of the successful implementation of its BREECL (Bulgarian Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Credit Line), Utilities weekly reports. EBRD’s Director for Bulgaria Daniel Berg attended the event, as well as Bulgarian Deputy Minister of Economy and Energy Ivan Ayolov…

Bulgarian Regulator Postponed Decision on Electric Utilities License Revocation – (Publics) The representatives of CEZ, EVN and Energo-Pro’s Bulgarian offices called for the State Energy and Water Regulatory Commission (SEWRC) stop the license revocation procedure, citing reciprocal debts of NEK and the lack of evidence that they have actually violated their licenses…

Bulgarian regulator to rule on electricity distribution licences on April 28 – (The Sofia Globe) Bulgaria’s State Energy and Water Regulatory Commission (SEWRC) held a public hearing on April 7 in its proceedings to repeal the operating licences of the country’s three power distribution companies, but has postponed any decision until April 28 at the earliest…

Power Distributors in Bulgaria Demand Price Hike – (Novinite) Three power distributors operating in Bularia have demanded an increase in prices starting July 2014. Czech-based CEZ and Energo-Pro have insisted that prices go up 13-14%, while Austrian EVN requested an 8% hike, BGNES news agency has reported, citing Bulgarian energy watchdog DKEVR's head Boyan Boev…

Two energy law infringement procedures threaten Bulgaria – (EurActiv) Two infringement procedures threaten Bulgaria's energy sector, one on the South Stream planned pipeline, and another one on an attempt to withdraw the licences of energy utilities, EurActiv as learned today (4 April).  The first concerns the amendments to the Bulgarian energy law, aimed at exempting the South Stream pipeline from the EU legislation…

Bulgaria's energy development companies request double digit hike – (Balkans) Up to 28 % higher electricity prices from 1 July were requested by Bulgaria's energy development companies. This became clear from the words of DKEVR President Boyan Boev, Standart daily reports.He said that EVN asked for an increase of the day rate of around 8 %...

Bulgarian Regulator Licensed State-Owned Company as Power Exchange Operator – (Publics) Despite the voluntary dropping out of the Electricity System Operator of the selection procedure, the freshly unbundled network operator will sign a contract with Bulgarian Independent Power Exchange EAD, providing all the needed assets…

We do everything possible to stabilize energy sector in Bulgaria: minister (ROUNDUP) – (Focus) “We are doing everything possible by the moment to stabilize energy sector in Bulgaria, because what we found was a real nightmare,” Minister of Economy and Energy Dragomir Stoynev told journalists, cited by a reporter of FOCUS News Agency…

Bulgaria: Huge Increase in Electricity Prices Demanded by EDCs – (Energetika) After the end of March when EVN requested an average increase in the electricity prices by nearly eight percent as of 1 July, now it becomes clear that all three companies—CEZ, EVN, and Energo-Pro—have made a...

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 Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia's EPBiH extends deadline to bid for 20 MW hydro project – (Reuters) Bosnia's top power utility EPBiH said it had extended until April 29 a deadline for firms looking to pre-qualify for a contract to build a 20 megawatt (MW) hydropower plant on the Bosna river…

Five new lignite power plants planned in Western Balkan countries risk violating EU pollution rules – (Balkans) series of at least five new lignite power plants planned in Western Balkan countries which aspire to European Union membership [1] risk violating Energy Community pollution legislation before they even start generating electricity, warns a new legal briefing by EU-based legal organisation Frank Bold, published today…

USD 32m for Energy Efficiency Projects in Bosnia and Herzegovina – (Energetika) According to Jasmina Katica, head of the ministry’s Energy Efficiency Department, the aim of the project was to improve energy efficiency in public facilities in education and health care sectors. The expected…

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 Croatia

Electricity for firms is costly – (Spectator) BASED on the European Commission’s energy prices and costs report released in mid-March, industrial electricity prices (excluding VAT and recoverable taxes) went up by about 3.5 percent per year in the period between 2008 and 2012. In some countries retail industrial prices have actually decreased over the period in question (the Czech Republic, Denmark, Croatia…

Global Energy Advisory – (Oil Price) Croatia has published its international tender for oil and gas exploration blocks in the Adriatic Sea, hoping to launch production in five years. The tender was launched on 2 April, and will be open for seven months, with concessions expected to be awarded in early 2015 at the latest…

Crodux Derivati Plans Renewable Energy In Its Petrol stations – (Energetika) Čermak, a former Croatian general who was acquitted of responsibility for war crimes at a trial on the International Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia in The Hague, has been involved in gas and oil business since…

HEP and Elektroprivreda HZHB Aim To Improve Cooperation – (Energetika) Elektroprivreda HZHB is one of the two electricity producers and suppliers in the Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, one of the two political entities comprising Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the talks with their...

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 Kosovo

A system of steam heating will be built in Kosovo – (BalkanEU) In an effort to secure optimal heating with fewer costs and by exploiting the natural resources of Kosovo, the government is investing in setting up a steam heating system which completely covers the needs of the capital and several other areas of the country…

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 Macedonia

EU Blackmails begin on South Stream project – (Macedonia Online) Macedonia and Macedonians are not the only problem for Brussels, now it's who Macedonia does business with? Whatever the European Union decides, the decision will apply to Macedonia as well, says former Director of Macedonia's Energy Agency, Lazar Gecevski in relation to the South Stream project…

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 Montenegro

Montenegro gets extra €30m for smart meter installations – (Energy Live News) Montenegro has received an extra €30 million (£24.8m) from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) to expand its smart metering programme…

EBRD funds additional smart meters installation in Montenegro– (EBR) Elektroprivreda Crne Gore AD Niksic (EPCG) has received a €30m loan extension from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) for installation of additional smart electricity meters across Montenegro…

Montenegro receives €30 million for extension of smart electricity metering programme – (Balkans) The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is investing in further upgrades for the energy sector in Montenegro through a €30 million loan extension provided to Elektroprivreda Crne Gore AD Nikšić (EPCG), the country’s main electricity provider, for further installation of smart electricity meters throughout the power distribution grid…

Montenegro: Cabinet approves bills on efficient energy use, forests management, strategy for judicial reform – (Balkans) At yesterday's session, Montenegro’s Cabinet approved, among other things, the bills related to more efficient energy use, forests and forestry industry development, as well as the strategy for the reform of the judiciary…

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 Romania

Prospects for Energy Independence in Romania: Shale Gas and beyond – (New Eastern Europe) Romania, historically one of the world’s main energy producers, became a net importer of oil and gas in the 1970s when production started to declined. However, Romania is still luckier than other Central and Eastern European...

Romania adds 850 MW in past eight months despite incentive cuts – (PV Magazine) The country is also increasingly working with Turkey on a number of ambitious energy projects, including a plans to build 1 GW of capacity and a 450-kilometer-long submarine electricity line connecting the two countries…

IMF: Romania can draw investments in energy sector if aligns prices with those in the EU – (ACT Media) A manner for Romania to draw local and foreign investors in the energy and transports sector is to converge prices with those in the rest of the European Union, Andrea Schaechter, chief of IMF mission for Romania, said on Tuesday, in a telephone conference referring to the approval in the IMF Board of the first two evaluations of the Agreement with Romania…

CEZ is willing to sell wind-power generation operations in Romania – (Romania-Insider) The Czech Republic’s CEZ is thinking about selling Europe’s largest wind on-shore wind farm in Romania, at Fantanele and Cogealac, but intends to stay on the Bulgarian market, reports Wall Street Journal…

Romanian Hidroelectrica sells EUR 23 mln worth of energy on power exchange in two days – (Romania-Insider) Romanian state-owned energy producer Hidroelectrica sold on April 3 and April 4 energy worth RON 105 million (EUR 23.5 million) on the local power exchange OPCOM…

Chevron Fracking Plans Meet Opposition from Romania – (Industry Week) Thousands took to the streets of Romania on Sunday to protest against plans by Chevron (IW 500/2) to drill for shale gas…

Romania solar still attracting investment despite green certificate cut – (ACTMedia) Portuguese renewable energy developer, EDP Renováveis (EDPR), has secured €30 million (US$41 million) in project finance for 50MW of Romanian PV, despite recent cuts to the county's solar incentives…

Portuguese developer has EUR 30 million for PV projects in Romania – (The Diplomat) Portuguese renewable energy developer, EDP Renovaveis (EDPR), has secured EUR 30 million (USD 41 million) in project finance for 50MW of Romanian PV, despite recent cuts to the county's solar incentives, said Actmedia, quoting pv-tech.org…

Anti-fracking protests in 60 Romanian cities call for Fracking ban – (Examiner)  On Sunday, coordinated anti-fracking protests in 60 Romanian cities called for a ban on hydraulic fracturing, transparency in decision making, and for the Romanian government to respect the will of local communities…

Romania solar still attracting investment despite green certificate cut – (ACT Media) Portuguese renewable energy developer, EDP Renováveis (EDPR), has secured €30 million (US$41 million) in project finance for 50MW of Romanian PV, despite recent cuts to the county's solar incentives…

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 Serbia

Serbia: What does the electricity market liberalization mean for state power utility company EPS? – (Serbia-Times) Is the level of awareness and responsibility about the coming changes high enough on the medium lines in EPS and who will be “guilty” for turbulent times? The process of the electricity market liberalization in Serbia is still in process, this process is part of a package of reforms that Serbia must implement as part of the contractual obligations under the Energy Community…

Serbia: EPS becomes a joint stock company, Energy Ministry plan for energy companies development 2016 – (Serbia-Times) EPS will be a joint stock company at full capacity by the end of this year, in which the principles of corporatization shall be applied, say in the Ministry of Energy. Assistant Minister of Energy, Dejan Trifunovic told explained that parallel with EPS transition from public enterprise in a closed joint stock company, with the state as the only shareholder, the corporatization process of company would be implemented…

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Armenia

Russia Appears Undeterred By Iran’s Gas Courtship of Armenia – (Oil Price) Mystery is swirling around a deal to boost Iranian natural gas exports to Armenia: why does the Kremlin seem to be going along with the idea?  On March 19, Armenian Energy Minister Armen Movsisian announced that Armenia plans to increase its imports of gas from neighbouring Iran to 2 billion cubic meters per year, an increase of nearly 75 percent over the current annual volume. In exchange, Armenia would export electricity to Iran…

USAID Selects Armenia as One of Its 29 Worldwide Missions to Champion Science, Technology, and Innovation Initiatives – (HETQ) The U.S. Global Development Lab will support breakthrough solutions in water, health, food security and nutrition, energy, education, and climate change, reaching 200 million people in the next five years…

Security level at Armenian nuclear power plant is encouraging, state department official – (ARKA) The security level at the Armenian nuclear power plant is very encouraging, Jeffrey Adlam, , head of  the US department of state unit combating nuclear terrorism, said in an interview with the Armenian Service…

Russian gas distribution company reports rise in number of customers in Armenia – (Armenia Now) The number of natural gas users in Armenia has increased by 1,865 during the first quarter of 2014, according to a local Russian-controlled distribution company…

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Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan increases electricity generation– (Trend) Over 6.2 billion kilowatt hours of electricity was generated by power plants of Azerenergy JSC (production and distribution of electricity in Azerbaijan) in Jan.-March 2014, the JSC said on April 7…

Power generation stabilizes in Azerbaijan– (ABC.AZ) In March 2014 Azerbaijani national energy producer Azerenerji OJSC ensured power generation at the level of February. Last year power generation index exceeded by 0.9% the figure for 2012 when rise was 6.5%...

Arpachay HPP demonstrates the power of our state – president – PHOTOS – (News.AZ) On 7 April, President Ilham Aliyev, during his visit to the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, participated in the ceremony of commissioning hydro power plants Arpachay -1 and Arpachay-2, 1news.az reports citing the president's official website…

Oil, gas and electricity standards in Azerbaijan to be unified with EU standards– (ABC.AZ) Oil, gas and electricity standards of Azerbaijan will be unified with the EU standards. The Ministry of Energy reports that the course of unification conducted within the European program INOGATE was discussed at a Baku meeting of Deputy Energy Minister Gulmammad Javadov and head of the International Projects Department of the British Standards Institute Vladimir Yakubov…

Azerbaijan gets 5.2% rise in energy production – (APA) Azerbaijan produced 2 bln kVt/hour energy in March, 2014, up 5.2% from previous year. During the first quarter, energy production made 6.2 bln kVt/hour, up 3.3% by contrast to a year earlier…

Azerbaijan – the best option for EU to diversify gas supply sources – (Trend) The Crimean crisis has made Europe suddenly aware of how dependent it is on the gas supplies from Russia, Arthur Bayhan, senior international economist and competitiveness expert said in its article published in AZERNEWS online newspaper…

Azerbaijan prepares action plan on rapid development of fuel-energy complex – (ABC.AZ) The first meeting of the workgroup on fuel and energy complex (FEC) within the development of regions of Azerbaijan has been held.  The Ministry of Energy informs that the first meeting of the workgroup, established by order of Energy Minister Natig Aliyev, was chaired by the Deputy Minister Gulmammad Javadov…

Ilham Aliyev: “The issue of energy security of Nakhchivan is fully resolved” – (APA) President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev has taken part in the opening of Arpachay-1 and Arpachay-2 hydro-electric power stations during his visit to the Autonomous Republic of Nakhchivan…

South Stream in deep freeze as EU tightens sanctions - Daily Telegraph – (Focus) The European Union is close to freezing plans to complete the USD 50 billion South Stream gas pipeline through the Black Sea from Russia, the first serious EU action to punish the Kremlin for the seizure of Crimea, The Daily Telegraph wrote…

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Georgia

Georgia reconstructs power transmission line connecting eastern and western parts – (Trend) Unified National Electric Grid is repairing the Kartli -2 power transmission line. The company's management examined these operations on April 8. The Kartli -2 power transmission line is one of the important power transmission lines in the country's energy system, which connects Ksani -500 and Big Zestafoni substations in Western and Eastern Georgia…

Georgian parliament prepares to check safety of large facilities – (Democracy and Freedom Watch) Georgia is preparing to conduct impact assessments for many large factories and other facilities, built during the Soviet Union. Gia Tsagareishvili, head of parliament’s environmental committee, says many big installations have Soviet-era standards or are even built without any impact assessment…

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Moldova

The share of subsidies granted to households and microenterprises for the procurement of biomass boilers has been increased to 1,300 EURO – (AEE) People willing to heat their dwellings or microenterprises with biomass may purchase modern pellet/briquette-fired boilers and get a boiler cost refund in the amount of 1,300 EURO…

The Eco-Mobile exhibition of Biomass boilers was launched today in Olanesti village, Stefan Voda district – (AEE) The mobile exhibition of biomass boilers for households, which can be purchased with a 1.300 Euro reimbursement from European funds, was launched today in Stefan Voda district. Thousands of people from the district villages were able to see how the biomass boilers function and the types of biofuel produced in Republic of Moldova…

National Contest MOLDOVA ECO-ENERGETICA, 2014 Edition, has been launched – (AEE) The Energy Efficiency Agency is pleased to announce the launch of the largest national competition for rewarding the successful initiatives in the area of energy efficiency and exploitation of renewable energy sources: MOLDOVA ECO-ENERGETICA Contest, 2014 Edition…

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Turkey

Environment report for Turkey's first nuke plant re-submitted – (Hurriyet Daily News) The contractor of the Turkey’s first nuclear plant, planned to be built in southern province of Mersin, has re-submitted the environmental approval-seeking report to the ministry months after being rejected…

Work on 1st Turkish nuclear plant to begin in May – (World Bulletin) Construction of Turkey’s first nuclear plant will begin in May if an environmental impact report wins approval.  The report on the Akkuyu nuclear power plant has been submitted to the Environment and Urban Planning Ministry for evaluation. According to government officials, the Environmental Effect Evaluation Report could be approved in May…

Energy: works on 1st Turkish nuclear plant to begin in May – (ANSAMED) Construction of Turkey's first nuclear plant will begin in May if an environmental impact report wins approval, as World Bulletin website writes. The report on the Akkuyu nuclear power plant has been submitted to the Environment and Urban Planning Ministry for evaluation…

WORK ON FIRST NUCLEAR PLANT, WILL START IN MAY– (Daily Sabah) The report on the Akkuyu nuclear power plant has been submitted to the Environment and Urban Planning Ministry for evaluation. According to government officials, work could begin in May if the Environmental Effect Evaluation Report could be approved by next month…

Turkey’s Fracking Push Won’t Be Stalled by Bribery Probe: Energy – (Bloomberg) Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has been embroiled in a corruption scandal that helped send the country’s currency to an all-time low. It hasn’t discouraged foreign oil companies eyeing the country’s shale gas reserves…

Europe roundtable: Turkey energy – Elements of success – (The Lawyer) It can be an adventure in bureaucracy but the energy sector in turbulent Turkey offers lucrative and varied opportunities for investors…

TURKEY KEY TO EU'S ENERGY SECURITY – (Daily Sabah) With the Russian annexation of the Crimean Peninsula and increasing tension with NATO, the southern natural gas corridor passing through Turkey becomes key to the European Union's energy security…

Turkey's installed power up – (Turkish Press) The installed power of electricity generation in Turkey has surged by 12 percent in 2014 compared to the same period last year, the country's energy minister announced Friday.  According to a written statement by Taner Yildiz, the number of power plants has also increased by 16 percent, from 796 to 932…

Turkey: Project Finance Is Getting Too Difficult For Thermal Power Plants – OpEd – (Eurasia Review) Coal field royalty tenders are in line with expectations these days. Companies get the rights to operate coal fields in order to build new thermal power plants nearby…

Turkey's power output rises 4.0% y/y in Q1 – (SeeNews) Turkey’s power generation rose 4.0% year-on-year to 61,207 GWh in the first quarter from 58,850 GWh a year earlier, the Turkish Electricity Transmission Company (TEIAS) said…

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Ukraine

Russia raises gas prices for Ukraine by 80% – (CNBC) Russia raised the gas price for Ukraine on Thursday for the second time this week, almost doubling it in three days and piling pressure on a neighbor on the brink of bankruptcy in the crisis over Crimea…

Ukraine sees threat to Russian gas transit to Europe from price hike: report – (Platts) Recent increases in the price Ukraine pays for Russian gas could threaten shipments made via Ukraine to Europe, Ukrainian energy minister Yuriy Prodan said Tuesday, the Russian Prime news agency reported…

US Criticizes Russia's Gas Price Hike for Ukraine – (Voice of America) The White House objected to Russia's increase in natural gas prices for Ukraine on Thursday and said markets should determine prices.  White House Spokesman Jay Carney spoke…

Ukraine solar energy in jeopardy as political turmoil ensues, developer warns – (PVTech) Austria-based solar developer, Activ Solar, accounting for most of Ukraine’s installed solar capacity, has warned the continuing political situation in Ukraine is jeopardising its current and future energy investments…

Crisis in Ukraine threatens domestic PV industry – (PV Magazine) The ramifications from recent months have already had devastating consequences for employees in the industry. pv magazine spoke to one current and one former employee of Activ Solar in the country, both of whom insisted on anonymity…

Ukraine crisis underscores need for renewables push – (CNN World) At the heart of the ongoing crisis in Ukraine is the question of energy independence and energy security. We’ve witnessed this before in previous violent conflicts – whether in the Middle East, Central Asia or North Africa…

Russia Is Crushing Ukraine's Hopes for Energy Independence – (The Atlantic) In events that eerily resemble the prelude to Russia's annexation of Crimea,  pro-Russian demonstrators have overtaken government buildings in the eastern Ukrainian cities of Kharkiv, Luhansk, and Donetsk, proclaiming a "people's republic" in Donetsk and snagging weapons and possibly hostages in Luhansk (Ukrainian police have regained control in Kharkiv)…

EU Calls Talks on Ukraine Energy Supply – (The Wall Street Journal) The European Union's energy chief, Günther Oettinger, has hastily convened two meetings for Tuesday to discuss growing concerns in Brussels about potential disruption of gas supplies to Ukraine…

Wall Street Journal: EU calls talks on Ukraine energy supply – (Kyiv Post) The European Union's energy chief, Günther Oettinger, has hastily convened two meetings for April 8 to discuss growing concerns in Brussels about potential disruption of gas supplies to Ukraine…

UPDATE 1-Putin and government to discuss Ukraine energy ties – (Reuters) President Vladimir Putin will meet senior Russian government officials on Wednesday to discuss Russia's economic ties with Ukraine, including on energy, his spokesman said…

Putin threatens to make Ukraine pay ahead for gas – (Fox News) Russia's President Vladimir Putin threatened Wednesday to start charging Ukraine in advance for vital gas supplies -- a move that could sharply hurt his neighbor, which is already on the verge of bankruptcy…

Ukraine Rejects Russian Gas Imports Before Putin Energy Meeting – (Bloomberg Businessweek) Ukraine is halting natural gas imports from Russia over price “aggression” before the world’s biggest exporter of the fuel cuts supplies, raising the risk of disrupted flows to Europe…

Ukraine Temporarily Halts Russian Gas Imports – (Novinite) Ukraine will temporarily stop buying Russian gas until the price issue is settled, the country's Energy Minister Yuriy Prodan announced Wednesday. Prodan said that Kiev was not satisfied with the sum it has to pay from April 1 this year, as ITAR-TASS agency quoted him as… 

Amid showdown with energy-rich Russia, calls rise in Europe to start fracking – (The Washington Post) Europe’s newest weapon in the battle of wills with Russian President Vladimir Putin lies buried deep beneath the ancient oaks and rolling green pastures of this quintessentially English village…

 

 

This program is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the United States Energy Association and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.