January 1st, 2013
CCC/189 ISBN 978-92-9029-509-9
October 2011
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
Historically, coal-fired power plants have faced competition from other forms of power generation
such as nuclear, natural gas and oil. Like most coal-fired plants, many of these were designed to
operate primarily on base load. However, competition is now increasingly coming from a range of
renewable energy sources that include biomass, geothermal, hydro, solar, and wind. Unlike
January 1st, 2013
CCC/188 ISBN 978-92-9029-508-2
September 2011
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
As concern about emissions and the environmental footprint of energy production grows, it is
increasingly evident that more accurate information on emissions of CO2, SO2, NOx and trace
pollutants from fossil fuel power plants will be needed. Since the determining factors for these
emissions are coal characteristics and power plant efficiency, it is also necessary to be able to assess
January 1st, 2013
CCC/187 ISBN 978-92-9029-507-5
September 2011
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
Worldwide, a small number of integrated gasification combined cycle power plants (IGCC), based on
high-efficiency coal gasification technologies, are operated commercially or semi-commercially, a few
more are under construction, and a number of demonstration projects, some including carbon capture
and sequestration (CCS), are at an advanced stage of planning. Various coal gasification technologies
January 1st, 2013
CCC/186 ISBN 978-92-9029-506-8
August 2011
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
Coal quality, that is the properties of coal, has an impact on many parts of a power plant including the
coal handling facilities, pulverising mills, boiler, air heater, ESP, ash disposal as well as stack
emissions. Coals have different characteristics and heat content. The behaviour of a coal in a boiler is
strongly influenced by its rank and by the mineral matter and other impurities associated with it. Coal
January 1st, 2013
CCC/185 ISBN 978-92-9029-505-1
August 2011
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
Coal is prepared to meet end-user requirements such as limits on the proportion of fine coal and ash
forming minerals in the product. Preparation methods leave residues of fine material which can have a
wide range of compositions from a good coal product to very high ash, surface moisture and sulphur
contents. Regardless of composition, at the time of generation of these residues no market for them
January 1st, 2013
CCC/184 ISBN 978-92-9029-504-4
June 2011
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
World cement production has been increasing steadily in the past and due to the unique nature of
cement manufacturing, cement production is energy- and carbon-intensive. This makes it a key source
of CO2 emissions. Cement production accounts for around 7% of total industrial fuel use, and almost
25% of total direct CO2 emissions from industry. It was estimated that in 2000, the cement industry
January 1st, 2013
CCC/183 ISBN 978-92-9029-503-7
May 2011
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
Ukraine’s energy economy is largely served by natural gas imported from Russia, even though coal is
the country’s richest resource of fossil fuels. Within the power generating sector, nuclear power’s role
is expected to increase in the future. The country’s 60 Mt/y coal industry, mostly bituminous and
anthracite, has recently undergone a programme of changes, including mine privatisation, closing of
January 1st, 2013
CCC/182 ISBN 978-92-9029-502-0
April 2011
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
This report discusses the current status of utilisation of low quality coals worldwide. The largest
market for low quality coals is power generation. Power generation using low quality coals is
dominated by Pulverised Coal Combustion (PCC) plants. Although the majority of PCC plants uses
subcritical technologies, a number of new plants have adopted supercritical steam conditions at large
January 1st, 2013
CCC/181 ISBN 978-92-9029-501-3
February 2011
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
This report provides a review of the Chinese energy security concerns, since imports are providing an
ever increasing proportion of the oil and gas used compared to domestic supplies. Due to the relative
paucity of Chinese oil and gas reserves, the government has adopted a policy of diversification by
securing supplies via overland pipelines and by tankers from various sources. At the same time, due to
January 1st, 2013
Stephen J Mills
CCC 180 ISBN 978-92-9029-500-6
January 2011
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
This report examines the global situation with regard to the scale, location and major uses of low
quality coals and addresses the individual countries where they currently play, or in the future, are
likely to play, an important role in energy production.
Around half of the world’s estimated recoverable coal reserves comprise low value coals,
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