January 1st, 2013
CCC/197 ISBN 978-92-9029-517-4
May 2012
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a convergence of international trade with traditional domestic markets,
with import increasing into many coal producing regions, the influence of trade on domestic markets
has been twofold. Firstly, imported coal displaces domestic production, and in doing so, secondly
international price trends may drive prices of what remains of the indigenous market for coal. While
January 1st, 2013
CCC/196 ISBN 978-92-9029-516-7
April 2012
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
Within the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, the Chinese Government has made addressing air quality problems
a key environmental priority, with an intention to accelerate the development of systems, institutions
and a technical knowledge base for sustained improvement. A major focus is on the coal power sector
for which standards have been introduced that require the installation of modern, very high efficiency
January 1st, 2013
CCC/195 ISBN 978-92-9029-515-0
April 2012
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
Mercury is an element of growing global concern. The United Nations Environment Programme plans
to finalise and ratify a new global legally-binding convention on mercury by 2013. Canada already has
legislation on mercury emissions from coal-fired utilities and the USA has recently released the new
Mercury and Air Toxics Standard. Although other countries may not have mercury-specific legislation
January 1st, 2013
CCC/194 ISBN 978-92-9029-514-3
January 2012
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
As concerns regarding greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired power plant increase, there is greater
focus on the feasibility of cofiring high ratios of biomass. This report first addresses the technical
issues which arise when cofiring biomass at high ratios in coal-fired power plant. These principally
concern the availability of fuel, storage and handling, milling, slagging, fouling, corrosion and ash
January 1st, 2013
CCC/193 ISBN 978-92-9029-513-6
January 2012
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
The iron and steel industry is the largest industrial source of CO2 emissions due to the energy intensity
of steel production, its reliance on carbon-based fuels and reductants, and the large volume of steel
produced – over 1414 Mt in 2010. With the growing concern over climate change, steel makers are
faced with the challenge of finding ways of lowering CO2 emissions without seriously undermining
January 1st, 2013
CCC/192 ISBN 978-92-9029-512-9
December 2011
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
The coal sector in Kazakhstan is said to have enough reserves to last over 100 years, but the
forecasted reserves are expected to last several hundreds of years. This makes investing in the fuel and
energy sector of the country an attractive option for many international and private organisations. The
proven on-shore reserves will ensure extraction for over 30 years for oil and 75 years for gas. The
January 1st, 2013
CCC/191 ISBN 978-92-9029-511-2
December 2011
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
Pre-combustion capture involves reacting a fuel with oxygen or air and/or steam to give mainly a
‘synthesis gas (syngas)’ or ‘fuel gas’ composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The carbon
monoxide is reacted with steam in a catalytic reactor, called a shift converter, to produce CO2 and
more hydrogen. CO2 is then separated, usually by a physical or chemical absorption process, resulting
January 1st, 2013
CCC/190 ISBN 978-92-9029-510-5
December 2011
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
CCS is a R&D priority for China, covering all capture options, transport and storage, together with a
strong level of international co-operation. With regard to progression beyond research, there are some
very significant large industrial scale trials that are being funded and implemented by various Chinese
power generation, coal and oil companies. As well as part CO2 capture from coal fired power plants,
January 1st, 2013
CCC/189 ISBN 978-92-9029-509-9
October 2011
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
Historically, coal-fired power plants have faced competition from other forms of power generation
such as nuclear, natural gas and oil. Like most coal-fired plants, many of these were designed to
operate primarily on base load. However, competition is now increasingly coming from a range of
renewable energy sources that include biomass, geothermal, hydro, solar, and wind. Unlike
January 1st, 2013
CCC/188 ISBN 978-92-9029-508-2
September 2011
copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre
Abstract
As concern about emissions and the environmental footprint of energy production grows, it is
increasingly evident that more accurate information on emissions of CO2, SO2, NOx and trace
pollutants from fossil fuel power plants will be needed. Since the determining factors for these
emissions are coal characteristics and power plant efficiency, it is also necessary to be able to assess
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